2-D and 3-D Model

2-D model
3-D model

2-D model

A 2-D model consists of geometry elements in a plane. These can be line- or surface-oriented. When defining these elements, you proceed as you did in previous work at the drawing board. HiCAD supports you, if required, with sketch technology, a quick drawing mode for geometry elements.

HiCAD 2-D Model of a pneumatic drive mechanism

HiCAD 2-D geometry elements, also called graphical elements, include:

points and isolated points,
polylines, circles and circular arcs,
conic sections, i.e. ellipses, hyperbolas, parabolas,
break lines and freehand lines,
curves defined by vector equations.

3-D model

The 3-D model differs from the 2-D model in two essential features:

Points are defined by their x-, y- and z-coordinates.
Surfaces are combined to form a solid.

This enables the 3-D model to describe each point exactly and generally to exclude the possibility of geometrically inconsistent models. 3-D CAD systems thus facilitate realistic construction of parts. In addition, the geometrical description, which is of higher quality than that of the 2-D model, allows the model to be used and further processed in various ways in the entire production process. The 3-D model can be rendered photorealistically by means of optimal illumination and the assignment of material properties and can thus be presented in a much more promotionally successful way than a 2-D drawing. The spectrum ranges from simple rendering to filming with tracking shots and animated motion sequences - ideal for presentations at trade fairs or for the customer.

Shaded and rendered model

HiCAD 3-D construction describes all parts as B-Rep (Boundary Representation) models, i.e. a volume is described by means of border surfaces, a surface by means of edges and an edge by means of space points. The surface, edge and point elements can also be generated independently of a volume.

This means that the lowest organisational units of a HiCAD 3-D model are:

3-D points and isolated points,
edges,
surfaces and
volume bodies (solids).

Analytical model or polyhedral model?